Mugdha

Nov 23, 2022

Types of Databases

Databases are classified into the following types:

--> Centralized Database.

-->Personal Database.

-->Distributed Database.

-->Commercial Database.

-->Operational Database.

-->End User Database.

--> NoSQL Database.

-->Relational Database.

-->Cloud Database.

-->Object-Oriented Database.

-->Graph Database.

Centralized Database:

Data is stored in separate files when it comes to traditional database systems. For example, the data of each employee working in a company may be stored in separate files in the case of traditional database systems. This is not the same for centralized database systems. This is not the same for centralized database systems. Contrary to traditional database systems, centralized database systems store all data in one file. This makes managing and searching the data and querying the database easy. Day by day computers are becoming more and more popular at a rapid pace. The data and information from different places need to be stored with the help of a system. Different techniques are being employed in different computers to store and access information via a network channel. Called database management systems, these techniques have different protocols to store data and information. In a centralized database, all data is stored and managed in a single unit. A centralized database can also be called a central computer database system. In an organization, this system is mostly used to centralize tasks. To access data Local Area Network or Wide Area Network can be of help. Example: Mainframe Computer.

Functions of Centralized Database:

-->Distributed query processing.

Provides facility and access to all the connected computers which take care of all requirements requested by any single node.

-->Scalability.

Through a network, computers can be connected to the system. This way, a number of computers can be added to this centralized database management system.

-->Transparent.

A server, which is a single computer system processes all the queries. No duplication is present and there is no irrelevant data stored in the system.

-->Single Central Unit.

For their query processing, and for fulfilling all their requirements all connected computers have access to the central computer.

Advantages:

--> Localization.

-->Portability.

-->Scalability.

-->Less cost, lesser maintenance.

-->Security.

-->Integrity.

-->Redundency.

Disadvantages:

-->Loss of data.

-->Less efficiency.

-->Slow processing.

Personal Database:

If only one user has to store and manage the data and info, then a local database called the Personal Database system is meant for serving that purpose. This is nothing but the user's own personal system. Many applications in the local computer, help design and manage personal database systems.

Functions:

--> Simple Design.

In database management system design is important for storing and controlling the data. The simple design helps store data and information.

--> One computer is involved.

One computer serves the purpose of storing and managing the database in the personal computer.

--> Support one application.

This database needs only one application to store and manage data on the personal computer.

-->Have a few tables.

Advantages:

--> Faster processing of data.

--> Security is higher.

Disadvantages:

--> External database is not connected.

-->Less amount of data.

Distributed Database System:

A database that is not limited to one computer system is called a distributed database. The scenario in the case of a distributed database is like that it has two or more files located in some other computer or sites either on the same network or on a different network. Here all data is not stored in one database, instead, it is divided and stored at different locations or sites which do not have any component in common. For the purpose of resolving many problems like availability, fault tolerance, throughput, latency, scalability, and many other issues that can arise by using only one machine and distributed database systems are needed. The requirement for a distributed database arises when a particular data in the database is to be accessed by various users globally. It needs to be handled in a way that for a user it should always look like one database. In contrast, a centralized database consists of a single database file located at one site using a single network.

There are many distributed databases to choose from. Some examples are:

Apache Cassandra, Apache Ignite, Apache HBase, Amazon Simple DB, Clusterpoint, and FoundationDB.

Features:

--> Location Independent: Data is stored at multiple sites independently and independent Distributed Database Management Systems(DDBMS) manage it.

--> Distributed Query Processing.

-->Network independent.

-->Operating System Independent.

-->Hardware independent.

-->Transaction transparency.

-->Distributed transaction management.